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Home > Prescription Drugs > Antibiotics > Dicloxacillin: Fight Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria
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Dicloxacillin: Fight Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria
Dicloxacillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic of the group of the penicillins, and that belongs to the family of the isoxazoles. Like all isoxazoles, dicloxacillin is active by oral suspension (acid-resistant), and produces beta-lactam against gram positive bacteria or gram negative bacteria. Dicloxacillin is used commercially as sodium monohydrate, but its power is expressed in terms of base dicloxacillin. It comes as a white crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water. Dicloxacillin should be stored in an amber-colored container at a temperature ranging from 15º C to 30º C. After reconstructed, the suspension must be preserved at a temperature of 2º C to 8º C and can last this way for 14 days. However, its duration at room temperature shortens to 7 days.
Dicloxacillin is a bactericide. It adheres to the bacterial penicillin-binding proteins, and that way it inhibits the bacteria’s cell wall synthesis. Dicloxacillin resists the effects of penicillinases, which are enzymes that inactivate the penicillin, thus increasing resistance to the antibiotic, and therefore it is active against many kinds of penicillinase-producing bacteria. This activity is the most important against staphylococcus. However, some kinds of bacteria can remain resistant. In addition, oxicillin is active against some aerobic or anaerobic gram positive bacillus but has no significant effect on negative bacillus.
This antibiotic is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of mild or moderate infections caused by staphylococcus aureus, which are penicillinase-producing staphylococcus and in mixed infections produced by these microorganisms combined with streptococcus. Its side-effects include abdominal pain, urine changes, and appearance of signs or symptoms of allergy such as eruption or pruritus. It is important that the patient complies with the dose and frequency of suspension in order to maintain the serum levels of the drug. The patient must be informed to quickly report if an intense diarrhea appears.
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